八年级 Unit 2 ☉ Topic 3
重点内容
一、重点词组
1. go ahead 继续、前进
2. instead of 代替3. prevent the flu 预防流感4. build sb up 增强…的体质5. all the time 一直，总是6. change our clothes often 经常换衣服7. keep away from crowded places 远离拥挤的地方8. take your advice 接受你的建议9. keep our room clean 保持房间清洁10. keep the air fresh 保持新鲜空气11. eat hot food 吃辣的食物12. ring him up 打电话给他13. half an hour later 半小时后14. leave a message 留言15. give a talk 做讲演（报告）16. be on time 准时17. by myself 我自己18. do some cleaning 打扫卫生19. use sth for help 用某物帮助20. healthy eating habits 健康饮食习惯21. make you fat and unhealthy 使你肥胖和不健康22. try to stay safe 尽量保持安全23. learn about first aid 了解急救知识24. on the other hand 另一方面25. say no to sb / sth 对某人/某事物说不26. warm up 热身27. stretch your legs 伸展你的腿28. get your body moving 让你的身体移动29. fall off the building 从建筑物上掉下来30. hand it in 把它交进去31. a good way to have fun 一个有趣的好方法32. have great fun in doing sth 做某事有很大乐趣33. advise her to have a good rest 建议她好好休息一下34. if you take it wrong. 如果你误会了35. is right for you 适合你36. be suitable for sb 适合某人37. in the old days 在旧社会38. last just one day 最后一天39. have no right to do sth 无 权做某事40. give sb a chance to do sth 给某人一个做某事的机会41. during the World WarsⅠ andⅡ 第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间
短语详解
1．go ahead 继续、前进
go ahead 主要有以下3种用法。
① 表示同意对方的请求，根据情况可译为：说吧，做吧，开始吧，进行吧。如：
A：May I start? 我可以开始了吗?
B：Yes，go ahead. 好，开始吧。
A：Will you do me a favour? 请你帮个忙好吗?
B：Go ahead. 说吧。
A：Do you mind if I smoke?我抽烟你介意吗?
B：No，go ahead.不介意，你抽吧。
A：Can I borrow your dictionary?
我可以借你的词典吗?
B：Yes，go ahead.可以，拿去吧。
②表示请对方继续说、继续做等，通常可译为：继续……吧。如：
Go ahead，we're all listening.继续讲吧，我们都在听着呢!
Go ahead，what are you waiting for? 往前走呀，你在等什么?
A：Don't interrupt me while I'm explaining the problems to you. 我在给你们解释这些问题时，请不要打断我的话。B：All right，go ahead. 好，说下去吧。
③表示请对方先走或先做某事，其意为：你先走一步，你先请。如：
You go ahead and tell him that we'recoming.你先走一步，告诉他我们就来。
You go ahead. I'll join you soon.你们先开始，我一会儿就来（和你们一块儿干）。
Go ahead，please.你先请（劝别人先吃或先走等的客套说法）。
注意：go ahead and do sth .赶紧做某事。如：
Go ahead and eat before everything gets cold.趁东西还没凉赶紧吃。
2．instead of 代替
instead 作副词，是“代替”、“顶替”的意思。如：
Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead．王老师病了。我代替他上课。
instead of 为介词短语，它后面可跟名词、代词、动名词、介词短语或形容词等。如：
I will clean the window instead of him. 我将替他擦窗户。
We will skate instead of playing football.我们将滑冰而不是踢足球。
3．build sb up 增强…的体质，提高…信心
Sports can build up our bodies. 运动能增强我们的体质。
She does everything to build him up. 她用一切方法鼓励他。
注意：
build up 逐步建设；逐步建立；逐步形成：
They came to this country and built up the family business.
他们来到这个国家，逐步建立了这份家业。
4．all the time 指的是（在该段时间内）一直;向来，总是
I got a new job this year where I am on the go all the time.
我今年找了份新工作，一直忙得不可开交。
And a good cook could cook cookies all the time.
一个厨艺好的厨师可以一直做好吃的饼干。
all the time 每次都是, 比 always 表示的程度更深, 两者可以互换。 They always make fun of Mr.Smith.
他们总是嘲弄史密斯先生.
5．change ourclothes often 经常换衣服
We should wash our hands and change our clothes often.
我们应该勤洗手勤换衣。
注意：
often 在句中的位置：1）在 be 动词之后. 如：
She is often very busy. 她经常很忙.
2）在第一个助动词或情态动词之后. 如：
I will always remember this lesson.
我将永远忘不了这一课.
3）在实义动词之前. 如：
We often go there. 我们常去那儿.
4）如果句子较短或为了强调，可以放在句末，如：
You won't see her often. 你不会经常看到她的。
When I was young, I played tennis very often. 我年轻时经常打网球。
6．keep away from crowded places 远离拥挤的地方
keep away from 远离，回避
We should keep away from the dangerous place.我们应该远离危险的地方。
He is a lier, we should keep away from him. 他爱说谎，我们别理他。
keep sb/sth away from 远离…，不靠近…
You should keep the fish away from the cat.
你应该不要让猫接近鱼。
keep ...from doing sth ... 阻止
Nothing can keep me (from) realizing my dream .
没有什么能阻止我实现我的梦想
7． keep our room clean 保持房间清洁; keep the air fresh 保持新鲜空气
由此可以想到的keep用法是：
keep +宾语+ 形容词 保持…处于某种状态
Keep the door open.让门开着
8． eat hot food吃辣的食物
hot 形容词，最常用来形容三类人事物：
hot weather:天气热
hot heople:人热辣、性感
hot food:食物烫、或者辣
Super crazy hot 实在太热啦！
The food is too hot to eat. 食物太热,没法吃。
I am hot.我很性感。（自夸）
It's hot today.今天很热。
9．ring him up打电话给他
ring sb up = ring up sb 打电话给某人 = telephone sb = call him= make a call to him
Would you please ring him up at five this afternoon?
10．half an hour later半小时后 相当于after half an hour， 多用于过去时
After half an hour, he came back. = He came back half an hour later.
半小时后，他回来了。
比较：
in half an hour 半小时后：指将来的某一个的时间，多用于将来时；如：
He will come here in half an hour.
11．leave amessage 留言
leave a message 留口信。
take a message 捎口信。
give a message to… 给…一个口信.
May / Can I leave a message? 我可以留言吗？
Could you take a message? 你可以捎个口信吗？
I need to give a message to him。我应该给他捎个口信。
12．give a talk 做讲演（报告）
比较：have a talk 谈话,商讨* (with sb /about sth)
give a talk 作报告,作演讲(on sth)
I need to have a serious talk about money matters.
我需要严肃地谈谈钱的问题。
He gave an interesting talk on his visit to China.
他对访问中国进行了有趣的谈话。
13．be on time 准时
in time“及时”，指在约定的时间之前发生。
on time “准时、按时”，当一件事准时发生。
They were just in time for the bus.他们正好赶上了汽车。
The train came on time.火车正点到站。
14．by myself 我自己
by oneself = onone's own, 强调“独自”、“单独”。
比较：
oneself 强调“亲自”、“自己”。
I went to town by myself. 我一个人去镇上的。
I saw it myself. 这是我亲眼所见
He can finish the work by himself.= He can finish the work on his own.他可以自己完成这项工作。
15．use sth for help 用某物帮助
use sth for sth 把某物用做某物use sth to do sth用某物做某事
People there used the grass for medicine.
那儿的人们用这种草当药.
People there used the grass to cure the disease.
那儿的人用这种药治病.
16．make you fat and unhealthy 使你肥胖和不健康
make sb/ sth + 形容词 使某人某物怎么样
I want to make you happy 我想让你高兴
The color red makes me nervous.红色会使我紧张。
make?sb.?+动词原形 “…使某人做某事”
The exciting music makes me want to dance.
兴奋的音乐使我想跳舞
I make Tom clean the room.
我让Tom打扫房间
17．try to staysafe 尽量保持安全
try to do sth 尽自己最大能力做某事,等同于try one's best to do sth.
stay safe 保持安全 相当于 keep safe
18．learn about first aid 了解急救知识
learn about 相当于 learn of 意思是：
学到(知识等)；了解：获悉；听说：
I am sorry to learn about the accident.
获悉此次事故我深感悲哀.
I am sorry to learn of his illness.听到他病了,我很难过.
比较：learn “学习”.
I'm learning English now.我现在正在学习英语.
learn...about...“知道/了解关于...的...”, “学习关于...的...”.
I'd like to learn something about Yao Ming.
我想要了解一些关于姚明的事情.
I'd like to learn more about computer.
我想要学习更多关于电脑的知识.
learn from 意思是 "向…学习"
We should learn from Lei feng.
我们应该向雷锋学习。
first aid 急救
19．on the other hand 另一方面
onthe one hand… , on the other hand… .一方面…，另一方面…。常构成固定搭配。如：
On the one hand this activity is interesting, on the other hand it makes people happy.
一方面，这项活动是有趣的，另一方面它使人们快乐。
On the one hand,she is poor, on the other hand, she is beautiful.
一方面，她很穷，另一方面，她很漂亮。
一般来说, 人们通常省去On the one hand，而单独用on the other hand的情况更多一点
On the other hand, I really have no time then.
另一方面，我真的没有时间了。
On the other hand we have some good girls.
另一方面，我们（有坏女人）自然就会有一些好女人。
20．say no to sb /sth 对某人/某事物说不
say sth to sb 对某人说… 如：
say hello to Tom 对汤姆说hello
say goodbye to father 对父亲说再见
say thanks to him 对他说谢谢
21．warm up热身 指“某人/某物（自己）/暖和起来/更活跃/更激动/更热烈/作准备活动”
He waited for his car to warm up. 他等着汽车预热。
The crowd began to warm up. 人群开始活跃起来。
22．get your body moving 让你的身体移动
及物动词get的用法很多
1) 用于get+sb(sth) “叫来某人(得到某物)”。如：
Please go and get him. 请你去把他叫来。
She got high marks in the final examination.
她在期末考试中得了高分。
2) 用于get+sb+sth/get+sth+for sb “为某人弄到某物”。如：
I'll get you a drink. 我去给你拿杯饮料来。
Could you get a school timetable for me?
你能帮我弄张课程表吗?
3) 用于“get+名词+宾补”，该宾语补足语可以是：
(1)不定式get sb to do sth “使……做……”(具有使役性)。如：
You must get them to come here.
你必须让他们来这里。
He couldn't get the car to start and went by bus.
他因无法发动车子，所以就乘公共汽车去。
(2)现在分词;
get sb doing sth “使…(开始)起来”或处于某种状态。如：
What he said got us thinking.
他说话使我们思考起来。
Can you get the machine running?
你能把这机器发动起来吗?
(3) 形容词;
get sb / sth +形容词 “使……(变成某种状态)”。如：
What he said got us angry.
他说的话让我们很生气。
We've got everything ready.
我们已把一切都准备好了。
23．hand it in 把它交进去
hand sth in = hand in sth 上交 反义词是 hand out “分发，提出 ，拿出,取出
Please hand in your homework in time. 请及时上交作业
Will you help me to hand out the workbook ? 你可以帮我分发这些作业本吗?
比较：hand on “转发” 或 “传递”，on 是副词, 构成词组 hand on sth.to sb.
Please hand on the newspaper to Tony
=Please hand the newspaper on to Tony.
请把报纸转发给Tony.
24．a good way to have fun 一个有趣的好方法
a good way +to do 相当于 a good way of doing 做某事的好方法
have fun 开心，作乐
They have fun together. 他们在一起很有乐趣。
have fun doing sth（做某事有乐趣）. We have fun learning Enlish.
我们学英语有乐趣。
have fun with sth/sb:和...玩的很开心.
He had fun with his friends.
他和朋友们玩的很开心。
25．if you take it wrong. 如果你误会了。
don't take it wrong 别误会
take sth the wrong way 误解某句话
I like you. Don't take this the wrong way, now.I mean as a friend.
我喜欢你。不要误解，我的意思是作为朋友。
26．be right for you适合你
be right for sb. 对于某人来说是正确/合适的
The T-shirt is right for him.
这件T恤很适合他穿。
The choice is right for him.
他做出了正确的选择。
27．be suitable for sb 适合某人
A is suitable for B A适合B （人）物对（人）物
This hat is suitable for you.这顶帽子很适合你.
A is suitable to do sth
A适合做某事（人（物）对事）
Tom is suitable to finish the project.
汤姆适合完成这个项目.
Be suitable for doing sth=be suitable to do sth
28．have no right to do sth无权做某事
have a right to do sth：有权利做某事
No matter who you are, you have no right to do such a thing.
You have no right to choose.你没有选择的权利。
29．give sb a chance to do sth
给某人一个做某事的机会
You may give her a chance to learn English.
你应给她一个学英语的机会。
二、构词法
1. 名词+ ist → 名词 如： journal + ist → journalist 记者，新闻工作者
2．形容词+ ly→ 副词 如：
final + ly → finally careful + ly → carefully
3．动词+tion →名词 如：
quest + tion→ question
instruct + tion→ instruction
4．动词+ed → 形容词 如：
crowd + ed → crowded
5. 形容词 + ness → 名词 如： happy + ness → happiness
6．un + 形容词 → （否定意义的）形容词 如： un + happy → unhappy
7．a +名词 → 副词 如：
a + head → ahead
8．动词+ment → 名词 如：
equip + ment → equipment
9．名词+ able →形容词 如：
suit + able → suitable
10．名词+ er → 名词 如：
cook + er → cooker
11．合成词：
them + self →themselves
her + self → herself
it + self → itself
one + self → oneself
grand+ mother → grandmother
inter + net → Internet
三、几个重要的单词
1．prevent指“阻止成功”,如果阻止了,但是没有成功,不可用prevent.
She prevented him from going.
她阻止他去. (实际上他的确没有去)
She tried to prevent him from going,but he still went.
她试图阻止他去，但他仍然去了。
prevent 常见有以下三种用法：
① prevent sth
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent disease.
科学家们正试图找到预防疾病的方法。
② prevent sb/sb;s doing sth 阻止某人以免做某事
Nobody can prevent our getting married.
谁也阻止不了我们结婚。
Nothing can prevent us from carrying out the plan.
什么也无法阻挡我们去实施这个计划。
③ prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人以免做某事 （=preventsb/sb's doing sth）
He prevented me from going there.
他阻止我去
He prevented the boy from climbing the tree. 他阻止那个小男孩爬树.
2．happen 发生; 出现;碰巧; 偶然遇到; 词形变化：happened，happening，happens
happen 是不及物动词,它的用法常见的有如下几种情况：
1）表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”,常用
“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”来表达,此时主语应是事情.如：
The story happened in 2003.
这个故事发生在2003年.
An accident happened in that street.
那条街上发生了一起事故.
2）表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,要用
“sth.+ happen+to sb.”来表达. 如：
A car accident happened to her this morning.
今天上午她发生了交通事故.
What happened to you? 你怎么啦?
3）表示“某人碰巧做某事”,要用
“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”来表达. 如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友.
4）happen表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时,还可用“It happens / happened that...”这来表达.如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.
碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了.
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.
碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议.
注：that从句中的主语是人时,此种结构可以与“sb.+ happen + todo sth.”结构互换.如：
It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.
= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
3．choose
1）choose sth（form...）（从...中）选择某物（choose是及物动词）
You need to choose the best one (from them).
你(从他们中)选出最好的一个。
2）choose form... 从...中选择（choose是不及物动词）
Here are some dictionaries for you choose from.
这些词典可供你选择。
In fact, there are many colors to choose from.
事实上，有许多种颜色可供选择。
3）choose sb sth 为某人选择某物
Alice chose him a sweater.
爱丽丝替他挑选了一件毛衣.
4）choose to do sth.选择做某事 ;甘愿做某事;宁愿做某事
I choose to give up when all my hopes has faded.
在所有的希望都破灭的时候，我选择了放弃。
说明：choose后面接的是挑选的内容和对像即将被选中的东西.而choose from后接的是挑选的范围
I choose this book.我选这本书
You can choose from those books.
你可以从这那些书里选.
I will choose the best one from those book.
我将从那些书里挑出最好的.
顺便记一下名词的一个常用结构 choice是choose的名词形式
have no choice but to do sth.（=have nothing to do but do...) 除了...别无选择
have no choice but to accpet his invitation.
我除了接受他的邀请没有别的选择.
have nothing to do but do sth. 除了...什么也没做 如：
I had nothing to do but sleep all the time last Sunday.
我上周日除了睡觉什么也没有做.
He did nothing but watch TV all the day.
他整天什么也不做除了看电视。
4．except
① except表示“除去，不包括”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，常同nothing, all,none, nobody, any等不定代词以及every连用。如：
The office is open everyday except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。
She saw nothing except snow. 除了雪她什么也没看见。（nothing except = nothing but = only）
②except 经常接名词、代词，也可接副词，介词短语，不带to的不定式或从句等。如：
She looked everywhere except here.
除了这里，她到处看。
You may come here at any time except at noon.
除了中午，你任何时候来都可以。Shedoesn't do anything except sit and watch TV.
除了坐着看电视外，她什么也不做。
It was a good hotel except that it was rather noisy.
这家旅馆还不错，只可惜吵。
③except for 也表示“除…以外”，它同except的区别是：
except for 后接的词同句子中的整体词（主语）不是同类的；
而except 后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。如:
I can answer all the questions except the last one.
除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。
Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。
四、反身代词
反身代词是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself,itself, themselves, oneself。
1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末)：
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer.
布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。
You had better ask the driver himself.
你最好问司机本人。
2.?用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：?Take good care of yourself.?好好照顾你自己。
He has a right to decide for himself.?他有权为自己做出决定。?The child can dress himself.?这孩子能自己穿衣服了。?She could not make herself understood.?
她不能使别人听懂她的话。??3.?用作表语?
The poor boy was myself.?
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。?Just be yourself.?做你自己就好了。?
4.?有关反身代词的几个常见短语
all by oneself 全靠自己；
She learnt swimming all by herself.她是自学游泳的。
say to oneself 自言自语
She said to herself,"Who am I?"
她自言自语的说：“我是谁？”·
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；
help oneself (to) 随便用……
hurt oneself 伤害自己
teach oneself 自学
get dressed oneself 自己穿衣
seat oneself 就坐
五、朗读下列句子，并将其译成汉语，注意句中出现的短语。
1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. Li? Sure, go ahead.
李博士,我可以问你一些问题吗？当然，继续吧。
2. What should we do to prevent it?
我们应该做些什么来预防呢？
3. We should exercise often to build us up.
我们应该经常锻炼以增强体质。
4. We should keep the the air fresh all the time.
我们应该保持空气新鲜。
5. We should keep away from crowded places.
我们应该远离拥挤的地方。
6. Wemust go to see a doctor at once when we have the flu.
当我们得了流感时，我们必须马上去看医生。
7. We'll take your advice. 我们接受你的建议。
8. I'm afraid he is busy right now. I'll ring him up later.
恐怕他现在正忙着呢。我待会儿给他打电话。
9. Can I leave a message? 我可以留个口信吗？
10. Kate's father will give a talk at 3:00 p.m. Be on time.
凯特的父亲将在下午3点钟准时发言。
11. You should finish it by yourself.
你应该自己完成它。
12. I can finish my homework with the help of it.
我可以借助它完成我的家庭作业。
13.You must do your homework first.
你必须先做作业。
14.Playing sports can also help you keep fit.
运动也可以帮助你保持健康。
15.Try to stay safe when you play them. 试着在玩游戏时保持安全。
16. It's necessary for you to learn about first aid.
你有必要了解急救知识。
17. You can help others if an accident happens. 如果发生意外事故，你可以帮助别人。
18. Happiness is important for your health.
快乐对你的健康很重要。
19. So be happy to be healthy. 所以要快乐健康。
20. We must stay away from smoking and drinking.
我们必须远离吸烟和饮酒。
21. You should say no to smoking and drinking.
你应该拒绝吸烟和喝酒。
22. We should stop exercising when we are hurt. 当我们受伤时，我们应该停止运动。
23. Exercising in the gym is not a good idea. 在健身房锻炼不是一个好主意。
24. It is important to warm up before you exercise.
运动前要热身是很重要的。
25. You don't need to spend a lot of money exercising. 你不需要花很多钱锻炼。
26. Just get your body moving. 让你的身体动起来。
27. Your exercise will be fun instead of work. 你的运动会很有趣，而不是工作。
28. Drink enough water when you exercise. 运动时要多喝水。
29. Rest until you feel better. 休息，直到你感觉好些为止。
30. Exercising when you are hurt is bad for your health. 当你受伤时锻炼对你的健康有害。
31. Be careful. Don't play with a knife.
小心点。不要玩刀子。
32. Must I hand it today? No, you needn't.
我今天必须交吗？不，你不需要。
33. You can keep it for two weeks.
你可以保存两个星期。
34. The games lasted just for one day. 比赛持续了一天。
35. Playing sports is a good way to keep fit. 运动是保持身体健康的好方法。
36. They have great fun playing basketball. 他们非常喜欢打篮球。
37. The doctor will know if the medicine is right for you. 医生会知道这药对你是否合适。
38. Some medicine is not suitable for children.
有些药不适合儿童服用。
39. You must put medicine in places where children can't get. .
你必须把药物放在孩子们无法得到的地方。
40. Medicine may make your illness more serious or even kill you if you take it wrong.
如果你吃错了药，药会使你的病更严重，甚至会杀死你。
41. On the other hand, you may feel ill if you are always unhappy. 另一方面，如果你总是不高兴，你可能会觉得不舒服。
42. If you exercise for 30 minutes each time, you will stay healthy.
如果你每次运动30分钟，你就会保持健康。
43. Women had no right to take part in the Olympic Games until 1912.
妇女直到1912才有权参加奥运会。
44. The first Winter Olympic Games gave athletes chance to compete in snow and ice sports.
第一届冬季奥运会给运动员提供了参加冰雪运动的机会。
45. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Early to bed, early to rise. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。早睡早起
END
主讲老师：李老师
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