georgia
 Georgia had gone with friends to a funfair and, at some point, decided to choose a shortcut when trying to get to another part of the fair. They were passing behind one of the stalls when they suddenly found themselves confronted by a dog that jumped on them and happened to hurt Georgia's lower lip。
乔治亚和朋友一起去游乐场，在某个时候，她决定走捷径去游乐场的另一个地方。他们正从一个货摊后面走过，突然发现一只狗迎面扑来，正好咬伤了乔治亚的下唇。
 Georgia was intensely disturbed by this experience, but what eventually brought her to a child psychiatrist was the fact that for the ensuing two months she kept waking up at night, screaming and crying inconsolably, referring to ghastly nightmares that she was unable to remember and, at times, also having episodes of sleepwalking。
格鲁吉亚因为这种经历强烈的不安，接下来的两个月她一直晚上醒来，尖叫和哭泣无法安慰地，可怕的噩梦，她无法记住，有时，也有梦游，最终把她带到了一个儿童精神病学家。
 Georgia came to the consultation with her mother. Georgia was an attractive and intelligent twelve-year-old. She told me about her family and school life. Mrs G was happy to answer my questions or clarify any points about the family life that Georgia was not too sure of. Mrs G looked much younger than her mid-thirties age and she had an easy-going, friendly, and close relationship with Georgia, who was one of three children. Mr G had left the family some years earlier and now lived abroad, but they had kept a close enough relationship that enabled the children to move easily and confidently from one to the other parent. Mrs held senior administrat position in commercial firm and was very involved with the education and general upbringing of her children.
乔治亚来找她母亲商量。12岁的乔治娅很有魅力，也很聪明。她告诉我她的家庭和学校生活。G夫人很乐意回答我的问题，或澄清有关家庭生活的任何问题，而乔治娅对此不太有把握。G夫人看上去比她35岁的时候年轻得多，她与三个孩子之一的乔治娅相处得很融洽、友好、亲密。G先生几年前就离开了家，现在住在国外，但他们之间的关系很亲密，孩子们可以很容易、很自信地从一个家长转到另一个家长。她在一家商业公司担任高级行政职务，非常关心孩子的教育和成长。
 Georgia saw herself as a successful， popular member of her circle of friends and colleagues。Her comments about her parents and other members of the family seemed reasonable and well balanced。I gradually came to the conclusion that Georgia's nightmares were to be understood within the context of the attack she had suffered：whatever unconscious conflicts she might have as a result of previous family experiences did not seem to have much relevance to the present crisis。
格鲁吉亚认为自己是一个成功的、受欢迎的成员,在她的朋友和同事圈中。她评论她的父母和其他家庭成员的似乎合理中肯。我逐渐得出的结论是,格鲁吉亚的噩梦，被理解是在她所遭受的攻击的背景下的:无论她以前的家庭经历可能导致什么无意识的冲突，似乎都与当前的危机没有多大关系。
 I asked Georgia to tell me the story of the attack in detail. She answered my questions, but time and again she indicated her puzzle ment as to why I insisted she should try to remember the details of each step she had taken that evening. I explained that the fact that the nightmares were still haunting her indicated that some element of her experience that evening must have taken on a particular meaning that she had not succeeded in working out. She could see the logic of my words, but several times she tried to dismiss some question either because she could not remember what happened or because she thought it could not be important. Fortunately, Mrs G agreed with my argument, and repeatedly encouraged Georgia to try harder to answer my questions, which she did.
我请格鲁吉亚详细地告诉我这次袭击的经过。她回答了我的问题，但她一次又一次地表示她的困惑，为什么我坚持要她试着记住那天晚上她走的每一步的细节。我解释说，噩梦仍然萦绕着她，这说明她那天晚上经历的某些事情一定具有某种特殊的意义，而她并没有成功地解决。她能看出我话里的逻辑，但有几次，她试图回避某个问题，要么是因为她不记得发生了什么，要么是因为她认为这不重要。幸运的是，G夫人同意我的观点，并一再鼓励乔治娅更努力地回答我的问题，她也确实这么做了。
 Georgia and her friend had met other school and neighbourhood friends at the fair. They had rides in various machines and ate the usual range of fast foods that youngsters relish at fairs. At one point, Georgia and her friend decided to have a particular brand of ice cream and realised they would have to walk a long way to reach the stall that sold it. They told their friends of their intention and moved away from the group. As they checked their bearings, they realised that they could reduce the distance by walking behind some stalls, rather than along the main walkways. Georgia remembered that they had considered the possibility that there might be danger in taking that shortcut, but"danger"was used as an umbrella word; they did not discuss what might be involved.
乔治亚和她的朋友在集市上遇到了其他学校和邻居的朋友。他们坐着各种各样的机器，吃着年轻人在集市上喜欢吃的各种快餐。有一次，乔治亚和她的朋友决定买一种特别牌子的冰淇淋，并意识到他们必须走很长一段路才能到卖这种冰淇淋的摊位。他们把自己的意图告诉了他们的朋友，然后离开了这个团体。当他们检查方位时，他们意识到他们可以从一些摊位后面走，而不是沿着主要的人行道走，这样可以缩短距离。乔治亚还记得，他们曾经考虑过走这条近路可能会有危险，但是“危险”是一个概括的词;他们没有讨论可能涉及的问题。
 Georgia told me that as they were walking behind one of the stalls they suddenly saw a huge dog lying on the ground. For a moment, they stood still, thinking what to do and trying to convince themselves that the dog might remain quiet. But, unexpectedly, the dog took a short run and jumped on them. Georgia could remember the dog hitting her and throwing her on the ground, but then there was a blank and the next datum in her memory was being at home with mother and sisters, crying.
乔治娅告诉我，当他们走在一个摊位后面时，突然看到一只巨大的狗躺在地上。有那么一会儿，他们站着不动，思考着该怎么做，试图说服自己，让狗保持安静。但是，出乎意料的是，那只狗跑了一小段路，就扑向了他们。乔治娅还记得那只狗打了她，把她摔在地上，但接着就一片空白，她记忆中的下一段记忆是和母亲、姐妹们呆在家里哭泣。
 After some more questions, it was clear that Georgia had told me everything that she could remember. She had no recollection of her nightmares, except for those dreams in which the attack was being repeated, but even these would stop precisely at the same point where her recollections stopped. Her mother commented that she had tried many times to hep Georgia to remember her movements that evening. As a matter of fact, Georgia's friend had told Georgia and her mother that when both of them began to cry and scream many people had come rushing to find out what had happened. They had helped Georgia to get up and when they saw that she was bleeding, she was taken to the First Aid tent in the fair and, from there, to the Casualty Department of the local hospital. But Georgia knew all this as information given to her, not previously available to her memory.
又问了几个问题，很明显，乔治亚把她能记得的一切都告诉了我。她不记得自己做过什么恶梦，只记得那些不断发作的梦，但即使是这些梦，也会在她停止回忆的同一时刻停止。她母亲说，她曾多次试图帮助乔治娅回忆那天晚上她的动作。事实上，乔治娅的朋友告诉乔治娅和她的母亲，当她们开始哭泣和尖叫时，许多人都跑过来想知道发生了什么事。他们把乔治娅扶了起来，当他们看到她在流血时，就把她送到集市上的急救帐篷里，然后从那里送到当地医院的急诊室。但佐治亚知道这一切都是别人给她的信息，以前她的记忆里是没有的。
 We had reached an impasse. Considering the age of the girls and the notion of "danger"they had anticipated they might face, it would be conceivable that there was a sexual content to their anxieties. I was, however, loathe to voice such a hypothesis without having some cue that Georgia might recognise as coming from herself. Just to present her with a sexual interpretation "out of nowhere", might lead her to associate this presentation with the experience of the dog jumping on her. I decided, therefore, to try an alternative approach。
我们陷入了僵局。考虑到这些女孩的年龄和她们可能面临的“危险”，可以想象她们的焦虑中含有性的内容。然而，我很不愿意在没有任何线索的情况下说出这样的假设，而格鲁吉亚可能会认为这些线索来自她自己。只是为了给她一个“不知道从哪儿冒出来的”性的解释，可能会让她把这个演示和狗扑向她的经历联系起来。因此，我决定尝试另一种方法。
 I explained to Georgia that sometimes one could reach a lost memory through the use of drawings. Predictably, she looked baffled, suspicious, and embarrassed, but she agreed to give it a try. Normally, in similar consultations, I am careful not to make suggestions to the child, leaving it to them to draw whatever they choose to draw. Here, however, we had special situation. had asked endless questions focusing on one single sequence in Georgia's life and I decided, there- fore, to depart from my usual technique. I asked Georgia to draw a picture of her meeting the dog.
我向乔治娅解释说，有时候，一个人可以通过画画来找回失去的记忆。不出所料，她看上去困惑、可疑、尴尬，但她同意试一试。通常，在类似的咨询中，我会小心翼翼地不给孩子提出建议，让他们自己选择画什么就画什么。然而，在这里，我们有特殊的情况。我问了无数的问题，都集中在乔治亚生活中的一个单一事件上，因此，我决定离开我通常的做法。我让乔治娅画一幅她和那只狗见面的画。


 Georgia's first drawing (Figure 23)shows her together with her riend walking towards the part of the stall where the dog was. I noticed the expression on the dog's face and this did not seem to me particularly fierce (some dog lovers who saw this drawing said that this was a very sensitive picture of large and lovable dog), but I made no comment. I asked Georgia to draw what happened next. Her second drawing (Figure 24) shows the dog biting Georgia's lips and drops of blood falling on the ground. Her friend is further back, with an expression of horror on her face. After considering this picture for while, asked her to draw what she thought had happened next. She hesitated briefly and drew (Figure 25) herself onthe ground with the dog on top of her, but she decided this was "wrong" and crossed it out. She repeated the same scene a few inches above the wrong image and I noticed that in this picture the dog is entirely beside her body, while in the first one it was placed between her legs, but I said nothing. When I asked what had then happened she wrote "Blanck"to indicate the gap in her memory, but then went on to draw herself crying and bleeding already at home, with her mother and siblings staring at her in horror.
Georgia的第一张图(图23)显示了她和她的朋友一起走向狗狗所在的摊位。我注意到狗狗脸上的表情，在我看来并不是特别凶(一些爱狗人士看到这幅画后说，这是一张非常敏感的大而可爱的狗狗的照片)，但我没有发表评论。我让乔治娅画出接下来发生了什么。她的第二幅图(图24)显示了这只狗咬着Georgia的嘴唇，血滴滴落在地上。她的朋友在后面，脸上带着恐惧的表情。想了一会儿这幅画，让她画出她认为接下来会发生什么。她犹豫了一下，把自己画在地上(图25)，狗趴在她身上，但她认为这是“错误的”，于是把它划掉了。她在错误的图片上方几英寸处重复了同样的场景，我注意到在这幅图中，狗完全在她的身体旁边，而在第一张图中，狗被放在她的双腿之间，但我什么也没说。当我问她后来发生了什么事时，她写了“Blanck”来表示她记忆中的空白，但接着又画了自己在家里哭泣和流血的样子，她的母亲和兄弟姐妹惊恐地盯着她。

 By now, I was quite convinced that Georgia had built a sexual fantasy over the attack by the dog, but had to find a way of convey ing this interpretation to her in a manner that might make sense to her. I asked her to go back to the earlier part of her account where she had spoken of "danger". She denied that she had any idea of what kind of danger she and her friends had in mind. It was impossible to know whether this was true statement or whether she felt ashamed in front of her mother or myself. A further complication was that she might be trying to guess what answer I wanted from her and, anyway, it was difficult to frame any question without loading it in some direction. Mrs was following this dialogue without saying anything. I explained my difficulty in wanting to help Georgia to identify what might have been on her mind without influencing her and, finally, mimicking a tone of voice that might sound like her mother's, I said, "Please make sure that you do not move away from your friends! Mind you don't go into dark places and definitely not away from the main Paths! You just have to be careful in case you find", and I stopped.
到现在为止，我确信乔治娅对狗的攻击产生了性幻想，但必须找到一种方式，以一种对她可能有意义的方式向她传达这种解释。我请她回到她叙述的前一部分，在那里她谈到了“危险”。她否认她知道她和她的朋友们心里有什么样的危险。不可能知道这是真的，还是她在母亲或我面前感到羞愧。更复杂的是，她可能试图猜出我想从她那里得到什么答案，而且，无论如何，如果不往某个方向加载问题，就很难构建问题框架。夫人听着这段对话，一句话也没说。我向她解释了我的难处，我想帮助乔治娅在不影响她的情况下认清她的想法。我说：“请确定你不要离开你的朋友，注意不要进入黑暗的地方，绝对不要离开主要道路!你得小心你的发现”，然后我停了下来。
 Mrs smiled. She had now recognised what had in mind and I think she did give Georgia some cue, because Georgia soon muttered, very quietly. "Some man.. Mrs G smiled and confirmed that this was a warning that she issued very forcibly each time Georgia went out with her friends to the park, particularly if there was a fair going on. I asked Georgia what danger men posed, but she kept silent. Mrs G obliged at this point and made explicit that her warnings had included explaining to Georgia about sexual attacks and how to defend herself from this.
夫人笑了。她现在已经明白了她心里想的是什么，我想她确实给了乔治娅一些暗示，因为乔治娅很快就非常小声地嘟囔起来。“一些人. .G夫人笑了笑，证实这是她发出的一个警告，每次乔治娅和她的朋友们去公园时，尤其是在有集市的时候，她都会发出一个强有力的警告。我问乔治娅男人会带来什么危险，她却一声不吭。在这一点上，G夫人答应了，并明确表示，她的警告包括向格鲁吉亚解释性侵犯以及如何保护自己不受侵犯。
 I went back to the drawings and called Georgia's attention to her wrong"drawing. I explained to her my idea of putting two drawings on top of each other, as if they had been made as a single picture. I showed her that I was not just making pictures fit, but that the corners of the pages corresponded to each other. I lifted the superimposed pages (Figure 26) and asked her if she saw anything that struclas interesting or significant.
我回过头去看那些画，提醒乔治娅注意她画错了。我向她解释了我的想法，把两幅画叠在一起，就好像它们是一幅画一样。我让她知道，我不仅要把图画拼好，还要让书页的边角互相吻合。我打开叠加的页面(图26)，问她是否看到了什么有趣或有意义的结构。
 Georgia laughed, clearly embarrassed, and said that the dog was now totally on top of her. I explained to her that she knew that she had been attacked by a dog that had bitten her lip, but the pictures showed that"deep in her mind"(or words to this effect) she had remembered the warnings about men who could attack her and subject her to a sexual assault, and she had put the two together, so that she was now reacting as if she had been sexually attacked。
乔治娅笑了，显然很尴尬，她说那只狗现在完全压在她身上了。我向她解释,她知道她已经被一只狗袭击,咬她的嘴唇,但图片显示,“在她脑海深处”(或词这种效果)记警告男人可以攻击她,让她受到性侵犯,她把两个在一起,所以,她现在的反应,好像她已经性攻击。

 Mrs G voiced surprise, but commented "It makes sense. She was fascinated by my picking up my interpretation from the drawings and asked questions about this. Georgia was visibly relaxed, but looking thoughtful. We agreed to meet again two weeks later, to check on progress.
G夫人表示很惊讶，但她说:“这是有道理的。她被我从图画中获得我的理解而着迷，并问了一些关于这方面的问题。乔治娅显然很放松，但看上去若有所思。我们同意两周后再见面，检查进展情况。
 On the morning of the appointment, Mrs G telephoned the Clinic: Georgia was in bed with 'flu, but she had told the mother that she did not, really, want to see me again. Mrs G added that she was inclined to agree with Georgia, since the nightmares had stopped. Right from the day of our interview, Georgia had slept through the nights and there was, therefore, no reason to see me again. I spotted a thought going through my mind that here they were deciding"to let sleeping dogs lie".
在预约的那天早上，G夫人打电话到诊所:乔治娅患了流感躺在床上，但她告诉母亲她真的不想再见到我了。格太太补充说，她倾向于同意乔治娅的看法，因为噩梦已经停止了。从我们见面的那一天起，乔治亚整夜都在睡觉，因此，没有理由再见到我了。我发现我脑子里有个想法，他们决定“不要惹是生非”。
Comment
 Nowadays, Georgia would be diagnosed as showing "post traumatic stress reaction" and this account shows one way in which such cases can be approached. Follow-up information from the family doctor was that Georgia had not presented further difficulties.
如今，格鲁吉亚将被诊断为“创伤后应激反应”，而这一描述为我们提供了一种处理此类病例的方法。来自家庭医生的后续信息是，格鲁吉亚没有出现进一步的困难。
 Georgia's history shows how high levels of anxiety produced by a traumatic experience result from unconscious fantasies that are "not allowed" to reach consciousness, let alone be articulated, but find expression in dreams and various symptoms. It is possible that if Georgia could remember and recount the content of her nightmares, then these fantasies might be understood through the analysis of the dreams. Georgia's drawings represent a clear demonstration of how the defence mechanisms that impeded her from recognising and artic ulating these unconscious fantasies could be by-passed by turning to the language of split drawings.
乔治亚州的历史表明，创伤性经历所产生的高度焦虑源于潜意识的幻想，这些幻想“不允许”进入意识，更不用说被表达出来，而是在梦中和各种症状中得到表达。如果Georgia能够记住并叙述她噩梦的内容，那么这些幻想就有可能通过对梦的分析而被理解。乔治亚的图画清楚地展示了防御机制是如何阻碍她认识和艺术地表达这些无意识的幻想的，而这些幻想可以通过转向分裂图画的语言而被忽略。